Flink 源码阅读笔记（12）- 时间、定时器和窗口

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//对实际的消息类型做一层封装，timestamp就是这条记录关联的事件时间
public final class StreamRecord<T> extends StreamElement {
	/** The actual value held by this record. */
	private T value;
	/** The timestamp of the record. */
	private long timestamp;
	/** Flag whether the timestamp is actually set. */
	private boolean hasTimestamp;
}

public final class Watermark extends StreamElement {
	/** The watermark that signifies end-of-event-time. */
	public static final Watermark MAX_WATERMARK = new Watermark(Long.MAX_VALUE);
	/** The timestamp of the watermark in milliseconds. */
	private final long timestamp;
}

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public class StreamSourceContexts {
	/**
	 * Depending on the {@link TimeCharacteristic}, this method will return the adequate
	 * {@link org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.source.SourceFunction.SourceContext}. That is:
	 * <ul>
	 *     <li>{@link TimeCharacteristic#IngestionTime} = {@code AutomaticWatermarkContext}</li>
	 *     <li>{@link TimeCharacteristic#ProcessingTime} = {@code NonTimestampContext}</li>
	 *     <li>{@link TimeCharacteristic#EventTime} = {@code ManualWatermarkContext}</li>
	 * </ul>
	 * */
	public static <OUT> SourceFunction.SourceContext<OUT> getSourceContext(
			TimeCharacteristic timeCharacteristic,
			ProcessingTimeService processingTimeService,
			Object checkpointLock,
			StreamStatusMaintainer streamStatusMaintainer,
			Output<StreamRecord<OUT>> output,
			long watermarkInterval,
			long idleTimeout) {

		final SourceFunction.SourceContext<OUT> ctx;
		switch (timeCharacteristic) {
			case EventTime:
				ctx = new ManualWatermarkContext<>(
					output,
					processingTimeService,
					checkpointLock,
					streamStatusMaintainer,
					idleTimeout);

				break;
			case IngestionTime:
				ctx = new AutomaticWatermarkContext<>(
					output,
					watermarkInterval,
					processingTimeService,
					checkpointLock,
					streamStatusMaintainer,
					idleTimeout);

				break;
			case ProcessingTime:
				ctx = new NonTimestampContext<>(checkpointLock, output);
				break;
			default:
				throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.valueOf(timeCharacteristic));
		}
		return ctx;
	}
}

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public interface TimestampAssigner<T> extends Function {
	long extractTimestamp(T element, long previousElementTimestamp);
}

public interface AssignerWithPeriodicWatermarks<T> extends TimestampAssigner<T> {
	@Nullable Watermark getCurrentWatermark();
}

public interface AssignerWithPunctuatedWatermarks<T> extends TimestampAssigner<T> {
	@Nullable Watermark checkAndGetNextWatermark(T lastElement, long extractedTimestamp);
}

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public class TimestampsAndPeriodicWatermarksOperator<T>
		extends AbstractUdfStreamOperator<T, AssignerWithPeriodicWatermarks<T>>
		implements OneInputStreamOperator<T, T>, ProcessingTimeCallback {
	
	@Override
	public void open() throws Exception {
		super.open();

		currentWatermark = Long.MIN_VALUE;
		watermarkInterval = getExecutionConfig().getAutoWatermarkInterval();

		//注册一个定时器
		if (watermarkInterval > 0) {
			long now = getProcessingTimeService().getCurrentProcessingTime();
			getProcessingTimeService().registerTimer(now + watermarkInterval, this);
		}
	}

	@Override
	public void processElement(StreamRecord<T> element) throws Exception {
		//从元素中提取时间
		final long newTimestamp = userFunction.extractTimestamp(element.getValue(),
				element.hasTimestamp() ? element.getTimestamp() : Long.MIN_VALUE);
		output.collect(element.replace(element.getValue(), newTimestamp));
	}

	//定时器触发的回调函数
	@Override
	public void onProcessingTime(long timestamp) throws Exception {
		//watermark 大于当前值，则提交
		Watermark newWatermark = userFunction.getCurrentWatermark();
		if (newWatermark != null && newWatermark.getTimestamp() > currentWatermark) {
			currentWatermark = newWatermark.getTimestamp();
			// emit watermark
			output.emitWatermark(newWatermark);
		}

		// register next timer
		long now = getProcessingTimeService().getCurrentProcessingTime();
		getProcessingTimeService().registerTimer(now + watermarkInterval, this);
	}
}

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public class TimestampsAndPunctuatedWatermarksOperator<T>
		extends AbstractUdfStreamOperator<T, AssignerWithPunctuatedWatermarks<T>>
		implements OneInputStreamOperator<T, T> {
	@Override
	public void processElement(StreamRecord<T> element) throws Exception {
		final T value = element.getValue();
		//生成时间信息
		final long newTimestamp = userFunction.extractTimestamp(value,
				element.hasTimestamp() ? element.getTimestamp() : Long.MIN_VALUE);
		output.collect(element.replace(element.getValue(), newTimestamp));

		//判断是否需要提交 watermark
		final Watermark nextWatermark = userFunction.checkAndGetNextWatermark(value, newTimestamp);
		if (nextWatermark != null && nextWatermark.getTimestamp() > currentWatermark) {
			currentWatermark = nextWatermark.getTimestamp();
			output.emitWatermark(nextWatermark);
		}
	}
}

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public interface TimerService {
	long currentProcessingTime();
	long currentWatermark();

	void registerProcessingTimeTimer(long time);
	void registerEventTimeTimer(long time);

	void deleteProcessingTimeTimer(long time);
	void deleteEventTimeTimer(long time);
}

public interface Triggerable<K, N> {
	void onEventTime(InternalTimer<K, N> timer) throws Exception;
	void onProcessingTime(InternalTimer<K, N> timer) throws Exception;
}

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public interface InternalTimer<K, N> extends PriorityComparable<InternalTimer<?, ?>>, Keyed<K> {
	/** Function to extract the key from a {@link InternalTimer}. */
	KeyExtractorFunction<InternalTimer<?, ?>> KEY_EXTRACTOR_FUNCTION = InternalTimer::getKey;
	/** Function to compare instances of {@link InternalTimer}. */
	PriorityComparator<InternalTimer<?, ?>> TIMER_COMPARATOR =
		(left, right) -> Long.compare(left.getTimestamp(), right.getTimestamp());
	// Returns the timestamp of the timer. This value determines the point in time when the timer will fire.
	long getTimestamp();
	// Returns the key that is bound to this timer.
	@Nonnull @Override K getKey();
	// Returns the namespace that is bound to this timer.
	@Nonnull N getNamespace();
}

public class InternalTimerServiceImpl<K, N> implements InternalTimerService<N>, ProcessingTimeCallback {
	/**
	 * Processing time timers that are currently in-flight.
	 */
	private final KeyGroupedInternalPriorityQueue<TimerHeapInternalTimer<K, N>> processingTimeTimersQueue;

	/**
	 * Event time timers that are currently in-flight.
	 */
	private final KeyGroupedInternalPriorityQueue<TimerHeapInternalTimer<K, N>> eventTimeTimersQueue;

	/**
	 * The local event time, as denoted by the last received
	 * {@link org.apache.flink.streaming.api.watermark.Watermark Watermark}.
	 */
	private long currentWatermark = Long.MIN_VALUE;

	private Triggerable<K, N> triggerTarget;
}

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public class InternalTimerServiceImpl<K, N> implements InternalTimerService<N>, ProcessingTimeCallback {
	private final ProcessingTimeService processingTimeService;

	@Override
	public void registerProcessingTimeTimer(N namespace, long time) {
		InternalTimer<K, N> oldHead = processingTimeTimersQueue.peek();
		if (processingTimeTimersQueue.add(new TimerHeapInternalTimer<>(time, (K) keyContext.getCurrentKey(), namespace))) {
			long nextTriggerTime = oldHead != null ? oldHead.getTimestamp() : Long.MAX_VALUE;
			// check if we need to re-schedule our timer to earlier
			if (time < nextTriggerTime) { //如果新加入的timer触发时间早于下一次的触发时间，那么应该重新设置下一次触发时间
				if (nextTimer != null) {
					nextTimer.cancel(false);
				}
				nextTimer = processingTimeService.registerTimer(time, this);
			}
		}
	}

	@Override
	public void onProcessingTime(long time) throws Exception {
		// null out the timer in case the Triggerable calls registerProcessingTimeTimer()
		// inside the callback.
		nextTimer = null;
		InternalTimer<K, N> timer;
		while ((timer = processingTimeTimersQueue.peek()) != null && timer.getTimestamp() <= time) {
			processingTimeTimersQueue.poll();
			keyContext.setCurrentKey(timer.getKey());
			triggerTarget.onProcessingTime(timer); // timer 关联的 triggerTarget.onProcessingTime 被调用
		}

		if (timer != null && nextTimer == null) {
			//注册下一次的触发任务
			nextTimer = processingTimeService.registerTimer(timer.getTimestamp(), this);
		}
	}
}

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public class InternalTimerServiceImpl<K, N> implements InternalTimerService<N>, ProcessingTimeCallback {
	public void advanceWatermark(long time) throws Exception {
		currentWatermark = time;
		InternalTimer<K, N> timer;
		while ((timer = eventTimeTimersQueue.peek()) != null && timer.getTimestamp() <= time) {
			eventTimeTimersQueue.poll();
			keyContext.setCurrentKey(timer.getKey());
			triggerTarget.onEventTime(timer);
		}
	}

	@Override
	public void registerEventTimeTimer(N namespace, long time) {
		eventTimeTimersQueue.add(new TimerHeapInternalTimer<>(time, (K) keyContext.getCurrentKey(), namespace));
	}
}

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@Internal
public class InternalTimeServiceManager<K> {
	//所有的 InternalTimerServiceImpl 和名称的映射关系
	private final Map<String, InternalTimerServiceImpl<K, ?>> timerServices;
	
	//获取 InternalTimerService， 必须指定名称
	public <N> InternalTimerService<N> getInternalTimerService(
		String name,
		TimerSerializer<K, N> timerSerializer,
		Triggerable<K, N> triggerable) {

		InternalTimerServiceImpl<K, N> timerService = registerOrGetTimerService(name, timerSerializer);

		timerService.startTimerService(
			timerSerializer.getKeySerializer(),
			timerSerializer.getNamespaceSerializer(),
			triggerable);

		return timerService;
	}

	public void advanceWatermark(Watermark watermark) throws Exception {
		for (InternalTimerServiceImpl<?, ?> service : timerServices.values()) {
			service.advanceWatermark(watermark.getTimestamp());
		}
	}
}

public abstract class AbstractStreamOperator<OUT>
		implements StreamOperator<OUT>, SetupableStreamOperator<OUT>, Serializable {
	
	protected transient InternalTimeServiceManager<?> timeServiceManager;

	public <K, N> InternalTimerService<N> getInternalTimerService(
			String name,
			TypeSerializer<N> namespaceSerializer,
			Triggerable<K, N> triggerable) {

		checkTimerServiceInitialization();

		// the following casting is to overcome type restrictions.
		KeyedStateBackend<K> keyedStateBackend = getKeyedStateBackend();
		TypeSerializer<K> keySerializer = keyedStateBackend.getKeySerializer();
		InternalTimeServiceManager<K> keyedTimeServiceHandler = (InternalTimeServiceManager<K>) timeServiceManager;
		TimerSerializer<K, N> timerSerializer = new TimerSerializer<>(keySerializer, namespaceSerializer);
		return keyedTimeServiceHandler.getInternalTimerService(name, timerSerializer, triggerable);
	}

	//处理 watermark
	public void processWatermark(Watermark mark) throws Exception {
		if (timeServiceManager != null) {
			timeServiceManager.advanceWatermark(mark);
		}
		output.emitWatermark(mark);
	}
}

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public abstract class KeyedProcessFunction<K, I, O> extends AbstractRichFunction {

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	public abstract void processElement(I value, Context ctx, Collector<O> out) throws Exception;

	//timer 触发的回调， OnTimerContext 是触发的上下文信息
	public void onTimer(long timestamp, OnTimerContext ctx, Collector<O> out) throws Exception {}

	/**
	 * Information available in an invocation of {@link #processElement(Object, Context, Collector)}
	 * or {@link #onTimer(long, OnTimerContext, Collector)}.
	 */
	public abstract class Context {
		public abstract Long timestamp();
		public abstract TimerService timerService(); //获取 TimerService，可以用于注册 timer
		public abstract <X> void output(OutputTag<X> outputTag, X value);
		public abstract K getCurrentKey();
	}

	/**
	 * Information available in an invocation of {@link #onTimer(long, OnTimerContext, Collector)}.
	 */
	public abstract class OnTimerContext extends Context {
		public abstract TimeDomain timeDomain();
		@Override
		public abstract K getCurrentKey();
	}
}

public class KeyedProcessOperator<K, IN, OUT>
		extends AbstractUdfStreamOperator<OUT, KeyedProcessFunction<K, IN, OUT>>
		implements OneInputStreamOperator<IN, OUT>, Triggerable<K, VoidNamespace> {
	
		@Override
	public void open() throws Exception {
		super.open();
		collector = new TimestampedCollector<>(output);

		//注册了一个 TimerService，触发的目标是 KeyedProcessOperator 自身（实现了 Triggerable 接口）
		InternalTimerService<VoidNamespace> internalTimerService =
				getInternalTimerService("user-timers", VoidNamespaceSerializer.INSTANCE, this);

		TimerService timerService = new SimpleTimerService(internalTimerService);
		context = new ContextImpl(userFunction, timerService); //将 TimerService 封装在 ContextImpl 中
		onTimerContext = new OnTimerContextImpl(userFunction, timerService);
	}

	//event timer 触发
	@Override
	public void onEventTime(InternalTimer<K, VoidNamespace> timer) throws Exception {
		collector.setAbsoluteTimestamp(timer.getTimestamp());
		invokeUserFunction(TimeDomain.EVENT_TIME, timer);
	}

	//processing timer 触发
	@Override
	public void onProcessingTime(InternalTimer<K, VoidNamespace> timer) throws Exception {
		collector.eraseTimestamp();
		invokeUserFunction(TimeDomain.PROCESSING_TIME, timer);
	}

	private void invokeUserFunction(
			TimeDomain timeDomain,
			InternalTimer<K, VoidNamespace> timer) throws Exception {
		onTimerContext.timeDomain = timeDomain;
		onTimerContext.timer = timer;
		//user function 中的 timer 回调
		userFunction.onTimer(timer.getTimestamp(), onTimerContext, collector);
		onTimerContext.timeDomain = null;
		onTimerContext.timer = null;
	}
}

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// Keyed Windows
stream
       .keyBy(...)               <-  keyed versus non-keyed windows
       .window(...)              <-  required: "assigner"
      [.trigger(...)]            <-  optional: "trigger" (else default trigger)
      [.evictor(...)]            <-  optional: "evictor" (else no evictor)
      [.allowedLateness(...)]    <-  optional: "lateness" (else zero)
      [.sideOutputLateData(...)] <-  optional: "output tag" (else no side output for late data)
       .reduce/aggregate/fold/process()      <-  required: "function"
      [.getSideOutput(...)]      <-  optional: "output tag"


// Non-Keyed Windows
stream
       .windowAll(...)           <-  required: "assigner"
      [.trigger(...)]            <-  optional: "trigger" (else default trigger)
      [.evictor(...)]            <-  optional: "evictor" (else no evictor)
      [.allowedLateness(...)]    <-  optional: "lateness" (else zero)
      [.sideOutputLateData(...)] <-  optional: "output tag" (else no side output for late data)
       .reduce/aggregate/fold/process()      <-  required: "function"
      [.getSideOutput(...)]      <-  optional: "output tag"

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public abstract class Window {
	public abstract long maxTimestamp();
}

public class TimeWindow extends Window {
	private final long start;
	private final long end;

	@Override
	public long maxTimestamp() {
		return end - 1;
	}
}

public class GlobalWindow extends Window {
	private static final GlobalWindow INSTANCE = new GlobalWindow();

	@Override
	public long maxTimestamp() {
		return Long.MAX_VALUE;
	}
}

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public abstract class WindowAssigner<T, W extends Window> implements Serializable {
	public abstract Collection<W> assignWindows(T element, long timestamp, WindowAssignerContext context);
	public abstract boolean isEventTime();

	public abstract Trigger<T, W> getDefaultTrigger(StreamExecutionEnvironment env);

	public abstract TypeSerializer<W> getWindowSerializer(ExecutionConfig executionConfig);
	
	public abstract static class WindowAssignerContext {
		public abstract long getCurrentProcessingTime();
	}
}

public abstract class MergingWindowAssigner<T, W extends Window> extends WindowAssigner<T, W> {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	public abstract void mergeWindows(Collection<W> windows, MergeCallback<W> callback);

	/**
	 * Callback to be used in {@link #mergeWindows(Collection, MergeCallback)} for specifying which
	 * windows should be merged.
	 */
	public interface MergeCallback<W> {

		/**
		 * Specifies that the given windows should be merged into the result window.
		 *
		 * @param toBeMerged The list of windows that should be merged into one window.
		 * @param mergeResult The resulting merged window.
		 */
		void merge(Collection<W> toBeMerged, W mergeResult);
	}
}

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public abstract class Trigger<T, W extends Window> implements Serializable {
	/**
	 * Called for every element that gets added to a pane. The result of this will determine
	 * whether the pane is evaluated to emit results.
	 *
	 * @param element The element that arrived.
	 * @param timestamp The timestamp of the element that arrived.
	 * @param window The window to which the element is being added.
	 * @param ctx A context object that can be used to register timer callbacks.
	 */
	public abstract TriggerResult onElement(T element, long timestamp, W window, TriggerContext ctx) throws Exception;
	
	/**
	 * Called when a processing-time timer that was set using the trigger context fires.
	 *
	 * @param time The timestamp at which the timer fired.
	 * @param window The window for which the timer fired.
	 * @param ctx A context object that can be used to register timer callbacks.
	 */
	public abstract TriggerResult onProcessingTime(long time, W window, TriggerContext ctx) throws Exception;

	/**
	 * Called when an event-time timer that was set using the trigger context fires.
	 *
	 * @param time The timestamp at which the timer fired.
	 * @param window The window for which the timer fired.
	 * @param ctx A context object that can be used to register timer callbacks.
	 */
	public abstract TriggerResult onEventTime(long time, W window, TriggerContext ctx) throws Exception;

	/**
	 * Returns true if this trigger supports merging of trigger state and can therefore
	 * be used with a
	 * {@link org.apache.flink.streaming.api.windowing.assigners.MergingWindowAssigner}.
	 *
	 * <p>If this returns {@code true} you must properly implement
	 * {@link #onMerge(Window, OnMergeContext)}
	 */
	public boolean canMerge() {
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Called when several windows have been merged into one window by the
	 * {@link org.apache.flink.streaming.api.windowing.assigners.WindowAssigner}.
	 *
	 * @param window The new window that results from the merge.
	 * @param ctx A context object that can be used to register timer callbacks and access state.
	 */
	public void onMerge(W window, OnMergeContext ctx) throws Exception {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException("This trigger does not support merging.");
	}
}

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public class WindowOperator<K, IN, ACC, OUT, W extends Window>
	extends AbstractUdfStreamOperator<OUT, InternalWindowFunction<ACC, OUT, K, W>>
	implements OneInputStreamOperator<IN, OUT>, Triggerable<K, W> {

	public WindowOperator(
			WindowAssigner<? super IN, W> windowAssigner,
			TypeSerializer<W> windowSerializer,
			KeySelector<IN, K> keySelector,
			TypeSerializer<K> keySerializer,
			StateDescriptor<? extends AppendingState<IN, ACC>, ?> windowStateDescriptor,
			InternalWindowFunction<ACC, OUT, K, W> windowFunction,
			Trigger<? super IN, ? super W> trigger,
			long allowedLateness,
			OutputTag<IN> lateDataOutputTag) {

		super(windowFunction);

		this.windowAssigner = checkNotNull(windowAssigner);
		this.windowSerializer = checkNotNull(windowSerializer);
		this.keySelector = checkNotNull(keySelector);
		this.keySerializer = checkNotNull(keySerializer);
		this.windowStateDescriptor = windowStateDescriptor;
		this.trigger = checkNotNull(trigger);
		this.allowedLateness = allowedLateness;
		this.lateDataOutputTag = lateDataOutputTag;

		setChainingStrategy(ChainingStrategy.ALWAYS);
	}
}

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public class WindowedStream<T, K, W extends Window> {
	@Internal
	public <R> SingleOutputStreamOperator<R> process(ProcessWindowFunction<T, R, K, W> function, TypeInformation<R> resultType) {
		function = input.getExecutionEnvironment().clean(function);
		return apply(new InternalIterableProcessWindowFunction<>(function), resultType, function);
	}

	private <R> SingleOutputStreamOperator<R> apply(InternalWindowFunction<Iterable<T>, R, K, W> function, TypeInformation<R> resultType, Function originalFunction) {
		final String opName = generateOperatorName(windowAssigner, trigger, evictor, originalFunction, null);
		KeySelector<T, K> keySel = input.getKeySelector();

		WindowOperator<K, T, Iterable<T>, R, W> operator;
		if (evictor != null) {
			.......
		} else {
			ListStateDescriptor<T> stateDesc = new ListStateDescriptor<>("window-contents",
				input.getType().createSerializer(getExecutionEnvironment().getConfig()));

			operator =
				new WindowOperator<>(windowAssigner,
					windowAssigner.getWindowSerializer(getExecutionEnvironment().getConfig()),
					keySel,
					input.getKeyType().createSerializer(getExecutionEnvironment().getConfig()),
					stateDesc,
					function,
					trigger,
					allowedLateness,
					lateDataOutputTag);
		}

		return input.transform(opName, resultType, operator);
	}
}

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public class WindowOperator<K, IN, ACC, OUT, W extends Window>
	extends AbstractUdfStreamOperator<OUT, InternalWindowFunction<ACC, OUT, K, W>>
	implements OneInputStreamOperator<IN, OUT>, Triggerable<K, W> {
	@Override
	public void open() throws Exception {
		super.open();

		this.numLateRecordsDropped = metrics.counter(LATE_ELEMENTS_DROPPED_METRIC_NAME);
		timestampedCollector = new TimestampedCollector<>(output);

		internalTimerService =
				getInternalTimerService("window-timers", windowSerializer, this);

		triggerContext = new Context(null, null);
		processContext = new WindowContext(null);
		windowAssignerContext = new WindowAssigner.WindowAssignerContext() {
			@Override
			public long getCurrentProcessingTime() {
				return internalTimerService.currentProcessingTime();
			}
		};

		// create (or restore) the state that hold the actual window contents
		// NOTE - the state may be null in the case of the overriding evicting window operator
		if (windowStateDescriptor != null) {
			windowState = (InternalAppendingState<K, W, IN, ACC, ACC>) getOrCreateKeyedState(windowSerializer, windowStateDescriptor);
		}

		.......
}

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public class WindowOperator<K, IN, ACC, OUT, W extends Window>
	extends AbstractUdfStreamOperator<OUT, InternalWindowFunction<ACC, OUT, K, W>>
	implements OneInputStreamOperator<IN, OUT>, Triggerable<K, W> {
	
	@Override
	public void processElement(StreamRecord<IN> element) throws Exception {
		final Collection<W> elementWindows = windowAssigner.assignWindows(
			element.getValue(), element.getTimestamp(), windowAssignerContext);
		//if element is handled by none of assigned elementWindows
		boolean isSkippedElement = true;
		final K key = this.<K>getKeyedStateBackend().getCurrentKey();
	
		if (windowAssigner instanceof MergingWindowAssigner) {
			......
		} else {
			for (W window: elementWindows) {
				// drop if the window is already late
				if (isWindowLate(window)) {
					continue;
				}
				isSkippedElement = false;
				windowState.setCurrentNamespace(window); //用 window 作为 state 的 namespace
				windowState.add(element.getValue()); //消息加入到状态中

				triggerContext.key = key;
				triggerContext.window = window;
				//通过 Trigger.onElement() 判断是否触发窗口结果的计算
				TriggerResult triggerResult = triggerContext.onElement(element);
				if (triggerResult.isFire()) {
					ACC contents = windowState.get(); //获取窗口状态
					if (contents == null) {
						continue;
					}
					emitWindowContents(window, contents);
				}
				//是否需要清除窗口状态
				if (triggerResult.isPurge()) {
					windowState.clear();
				}
				//注册一个定时器，窗口结束后清理状态
				registerCleanupTimer(window);
			}
		}
		// 迟到的数据
		if (isSkippedElement && isElementLate(element)) {
			if (lateDataOutputTag != null){
				sideOutput(element);
			} else {
				this.numLateRecordsDropped.inc();
			}
		}
	}

	protected void registerCleanupTimer(W window) {
		long cleanupTime = cleanupTime(window);
		if (cleanupTime == Long.MAX_VALUE) {
			// don't set a GC timer for "end of time"
			return;
		}
		if (windowAssigner.isEventTime()) {
			triggerContext.registerEventTimeTimer(cleanupTime);
		} else {
			triggerContext.registerProcessingTimeTimer(cleanupTime);
		}
	}

	//注意，这里窗口的清理时间是 window.maxTimestamp + allowedLateness
	private long cleanupTime(W window) {
		if (windowAssigner.isEventTime()) {
			long cleanupTime = window.maxTimestamp() + allowedLateness;
			return cleanupTime >= window.maxTimestamp() ? cleanupTime : Long.MAX_VALUE;
		} else {
			return window.maxTimestamp();
		}
	}
}

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public class WindowOperator<K, IN, ACC, OUT, W extends Window>
	extends AbstractUdfStreamOperator<OUT, InternalWindowFunction<ACC, OUT, K, W>>
	implements OneInputStreamOperator<IN, OUT>, Triggerable<K, W> {

	@Override
	public void onEventTime(InternalTimer<K, W> timer) throws Exception {
		triggerContext.key = timer.getKey();
		triggerContext.window = timer.getNamespace();

		......

		TriggerResult triggerResult = triggerContext.onEventTime(timer.getTimestamp());
		if (triggerResult.isFire()) {//触发窗口结果的计算
			ACC contents = windowState.get(); //获取状态
			if (contents != null) {
				emitWindowContents(triggerContext.window, contents);
			}
		}
		if (triggerResult.isPurge()) {
			windowState.clear();
		}

		if (windowAssigner.isEventTime() && isCleanupTime(triggerContext.window, timer.getTimestamp())) {
			clearAllState(triggerContext.window, windowState, mergingWindows);
		}

		......
	}
}

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public class WindowOperator<K, IN, ACC, OUT, W extends Window>
	extends AbstractUdfStreamOperator<OUT, InternalWindowFunction<ACC, OUT, K, W>>
	implements OneInputStreamOperator<IN, OUT>, Triggerable<K, W> {
	
	private void emitWindowContents(W window, ACC contents) throws Exception {
		timestampedCollector.setAbsoluteTimestamp(window.maxTimestamp());
		processContext.window = window;
		userFunction.process(triggerContext.key, window, processContext, contents, timestampedCollector);
	}
}

public final class InternalIterableProcessWindowFunction<IN, OUT, KEY, W extends Window>
		extends WrappingFunction<ProcessWindowFunction<IN, OUT, KEY, W>>
		implements InternalWindowFunction<Iterable<IN>, OUT, KEY, W> {
	
	@Override
	public void process(KEY key, final W window, final InternalWindowContext context, Iterable<IN> input, Collector<OUT> out) throws Exception {
		this.ctx.window = window;
		this.ctx.internalContext = context;
		ProcessWindowFunction<IN, OUT, KEY, W> wrappedFunction = this.wrappedFunction;
		wrappedFunction.process(key, ctx, input, out);
	}
}

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public class WindowedStream<T, K, W extends Window> {
	public <ACC, R> SingleOutputStreamOperator<R> aggregate(
			AggregateFunction<T, ACC, R> function,
			TypeInformation<ACC> accumulatorType,
			TypeInformation<R> resultType) {

		checkNotNull(function, "function");
		checkNotNull(accumulatorType, "accumulatorType");
		checkNotNull(resultType, "resultType");

		if (function instanceof RichFunction) {
			throw new UnsupportedOperationException("This aggregation function cannot be a RichFunction.");
		}

		return aggregate(function, new PassThroughWindowFunction<K, W, R>(),
			accumulatorType, resultType);
	}

	@PublicEvolving
	public <ACC, V, R> SingleOutputStreamOperator<R> aggregate(
			AggregateFunction<T, ACC, V> aggregateFunction,
			WindowFunction<V, R, K, W> windowFunction,
			TypeInformation<ACC> accumulatorType,
			TypeInformation<R> resultType) {
		......
		final String opName = generateOperatorName(windowAssigner, trigger, evictor, aggregateFunction, windowFunction);
		KeySelector<T, K> keySel = input.getKeySelector();

		OneInputStreamOperator<T, R> operator;

		if (evictor != null) {
			.......
		} else {
			//注意，这里不再是 ListState，而是支持聚合操作的 AggregatingState，其聚合函数就是用户代码提供的
			AggregatingStateDescriptor<T, ACC, V> stateDesc = new AggregatingStateDescriptor<>("window-contents",
					aggregateFunction, accumulatorType.createSerializer(getExecutionEnvironment().getConfig()));

			operator = new WindowOperator<>(windowAssigner,
					windowAssigner.getWindowSerializer(getExecutionEnvironment().getConfig()),
					keySel,
					input.getKeyType().createSerializer(getExecutionEnvironment().getConfig()),
					stateDesc,
					new InternalSingleValueWindowFunction<>(windowFunction), 
					trigger,
					allowedLateness,
					lateDataOutputTag);
		}

		return input.transform(opName, resultType, operator);
	}
}

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public class WindowedStream<T, K, W extends Window> {
	public <ACC, V, R> SingleOutputStreamOperator<R> aggregate(
			AggregateFunction<T, ACC, V> aggregateFunction,
			ProcessWindowFunction<V, R, K, W> windowFunction,
			TypeInformation<ACC> accumulatorType,
			TypeInformation<V> aggregateResultType,
			TypeInformation<R> resultType) {

		.......

		final String opName = generateOperatorName(windowAssigner, trigger, evictor, aggregateFunction, windowFunction);
		KeySelector<T, K> keySel = input.getKeySelector();

		OneInputStreamOperator<T, R> operator;

		if (evictor != null) {
			........
		} else {
			AggregatingStateDescriptor<T, ACC, V> stateDesc = new AggregatingStateDescriptor<>("window-contents",
					aggregateFunction, accumulatorType.createSerializer(getExecutionEnvironment().getConfig()));

			operator = new WindowOperator<>(windowAssigner,
					windowAssigner.getWindowSerializer(getExecutionEnvironment().getConfig()),
					keySel,
					input.getKeyType().createSerializer(getExecutionEnvironment().getConfig()),
					stateDesc,
					new InternalSingleValueProcessWindowFunction<>(windowFunction),
					trigger,
					allowedLateness,
					lateDataOutputTag);
		}
		return input.transform(opName, resultType, operator);
	}
}

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public class WindowOperator<K, IN, ACC, OUT, W extends Window>
	extends AbstractUdfStreamOperator<OUT, InternalWindowFunction<ACC, OUT, K, W>>
	implements OneInputStreamOperator<IN, OUT>, Triggerable<K, W> {

	@Override
	public void open() throws Exception {
		......

		// create (or restore) the state that hold the actual window contents
		// NOTE - the state may be null in the case of the overriding evicting window operator
		if (windowStateDescriptor != null) {
			windowState = (InternalAppendingState<K, W, IN, ACC, ACC>) getOrCreateKeyedState(windowSerializer, windowStateDescriptor);
		}

		// create the typed and helper states for merging windows
		if (windowAssigner instanceof MergingWindowAssigner) {
			// store a typed reference for the state of merging windows - sanity check
			// 窗口状态必须是可以合并的
			if (windowState instanceof InternalMergingState) {
				windowMergingState = (InternalMergingState<K, W, IN, ACC, ACC>) windowState;
			} else if (windowState != null) {
				throw new IllegalStateException(
						"The window uses a merging assigner, but the window state is not mergeable.");
			}

			@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
			final Class<Tuple2<W, W>> typedTuple = (Class<Tuple2<W, W>>) (Class<?>) Tuple2.class;
			final TupleSerializer<Tuple2<W, W>> tupleSerializer = new TupleSerializer<>(
					typedTuple,
					new TypeSerializer[] {windowSerializer, windowSerializer});

			final ListStateDescriptor<Tuple2<W, W>> mergingSetsStateDescriptor =
					new ListStateDescriptor<>("merging-window-set", tupleSerializer);
			// 创建一个 ListState<Tuple2<W,W>> 用于保存合并的窗口集合
			// get the state that stores the merging sets
			mergingSetsState = (InternalListState<K, VoidNamespace, Tuple2<W, W>>)
					getOrCreateKeyedState(VoidNamespaceSerializer.INSTANCE, mergingSetsStateDescriptor);
			mergingSetsState.setCurrentNamespace(VoidNamespace.INSTANCE);
		}
	}
}

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public interface InternalMergingState<K, N, IN, SV, OUT> extends InternalAppendingState<K, N, IN, SV, OUT>, MergingState<IN, OUT> {
	/**
	 * Merges the state of the current key for the given source namespaces into the state of
	 * the target namespace.
	 * 
	 * @param target The target namespace where the merged state should be stored.
	 * @param sources The source namespaces whose state should be merged.
	 * 
	 * @throws Exception The method may forward exception thrown internally (by I/O or functions).
	 */
	void mergeNamespaces(N target, Collection<N> sources) throws Exception;
}

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public class WindowOperator<K, IN, ACC, OUT, W extends Window>
	extends AbstractUdfStreamOperator<OUT, InternalWindowFunction<ACC, OUT, K, W>>
	implements OneInputStreamOperator<IN, OUT>, Triggerable<K, W> {

	@Override
	public void processElement(StreamRecord<IN> element) throws Exception {
		final Collection<W> elementWindows = windowAssigner.assignWindows(
				element.getValue(), element.getTimestamp(), windowAssignerContext);

		boolean isSkippedElement = true;
		final K key = this.<K>getKeyedStateBackend().getCurrentKey();

		if (windowAssigner instanceof MergingWindowAssigner) {
			MergingWindowSet<W> mergingWindows = getMergingWindowSet(); //获取 MergingWindowSet，这是辅助进行窗口合并的工具
			for (W window : elementWindows) {

				// adding the new window might result in a merge, in that case the actualWindow
				// is the merged window and we work with that. If we don't merge then
				// actualWindow == window
				W actualWindow = mergingWindows.addWindow(window,
						new MergingWindowSet.MergeFunction<W>() { //这是合并窗口的回调函数
							@Override
							public void merge(
									W mergeResult, //这是合并后的窗口
									Collection<W> mergedWindows, //这是被合并的窗口
									W stateWindowResult, //这是用作合并后窗口状态的 namespace
									Collection<W> mergedStateWindows //这是被合并的状态的 namespace
								) throws Exception {

								.......

								triggerContext.key = key;
								triggerContext.window = mergeResult;
								triggerContext.onMerge(mergedWindows); //调用 Trigger.onMerger 判断是否需要进行触发

								for (W m : mergedWindows) {
									triggerContext.window = m;
									triggerContext.clear();
									deleteCleanupTimer(m);
								}
								// 合并窗口状态
								// merge the merged state windows into the newly resulting state window
								evictingWindowState.mergeNamespaces(stateWindowResult, mergedStateWindows);
							}
						});

				// drop if the window is already late
				if (isWindowLate(actualWindow)) {
					mergingWindows.retireWindow(actualWindow);
					continue;
				}
				isSkippedElement = false;

				W stateWindow = mergingWindows.getStateWindow(actualWindow);
				if (stateWindow == null) {
					throw new IllegalStateException("Window " + window + " is not in in-flight window set.");
				}

				evictingWindowState.setCurrentNamespace(stateWindow);
				evictingWindowState.add(element);

				triggerContext.key = key;
				triggerContext.window = actualWindow;
				evictorContext.key = key;
				evictorContext.window = actualWindow;
				TriggerResult triggerResult = triggerContext.onElement(element);

				if (triggerResult.isFire()) {
					Iterable<StreamRecord<IN>> contents = evictingWindowState.get();
					if (contents == null) {
						// if we have no state, there is nothing to do
						continue;
					}
					emitWindowContents(actualWindow, contents, evictingWindowState);
				}

				if (triggerResult.isPurge()) {
					evictingWindowState.clear();
				}
				registerCleanupTimer(actualWindow);
			}

			// need to make sure to update the merging state in state
			mergingWindows.persist();
		} else {
			........
		}
	}
}

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public class MergingWindowSet<W extends Window> {
	private final Map<W, W> mapping; //这里保存的就是 `窗口 -> 窗口状态的 namespace` 的映射关系

	public W addWindow(W newWindow, MergeFunction<W> mergeFunction) throws Exception {

		List<W> windows = new ArrayList<>();

		windows.addAll(this.mapping.keySet());
		windows.add(newWindow);

		//确定能够合并的窗口，在回调函数中将窗口的合并结果保存在mergeResults
		final Map<W, Collection<W>> mergeResults = new HashMap<>();
		windowAssigner.mergeWindows(windows,
				new MergingWindowAssigner.MergeCallback<W>() {
					@Override
					public void merge(Collection<W> toBeMerged, W mergeResult) {
						mergeResults.put(mergeResult, toBeMerged);
					}
				});

		W resultWindow = newWindow;
		boolean mergedNewWindow = false;

		// perform the merge
		for (Map.Entry<W, Collection<W>> c: mergeResults.entrySet()) {
			W mergeResult = c.getKey(); //合并后产生的窗口
			Collection<W> mergedWindows = c.getValue(); //被合并的窗口

			// if our new window is in the merged windows make the merge result the
			// result window
			if (mergedWindows.remove(newWindow)) {
				mergedNewWindow = true;
				resultWindow = mergeResult;
			}

			// pick any of the merged windows and choose that window's state window
			// as the state window for the merge result
			//从需要被合并的窗口中选择一个作为合并后状态的namespace
			W mergedStateWindow = this.mapping.get(mergedWindows.iterator().next());

			// figure out the state windows that we are merging
			List<W> mergedStateWindows = new ArrayList<>();
			for (W mergedWindow: mergedWindows) {
				//移除旧的映射关系
				W res = this.mapping.remove(mergedWindow);
				if (res != null) {
					mergedStateWindows.add(res);
				}
			}

			//新的映射关系
			this.mapping.put(mergeResult, mergedStateWindow);

			// don't put the target state window into the merged windows
			mergedStateWindows.remove(mergedStateWindow);

			// don't merge the new window itself, it never had any state associated with it
			// i.e. if we are only merging one pre-existing window into itself
			// without extending the pre-existing window
			if (!(mergedWindows.contains(mergeResult) && mergedWindows.size() == 1)) {
				//调用回调函数进行状态的合并
				mergeFunction.merge(
						mergeResult, //合并后的窗口
						mergedWindows, //需要被合并的窗口
						this.mapping.get(mergeResult), //用作状态 namespace 的 window
						mergedStateWindows); //需要合并到最终结果的 namespace
			}
		}

		// the new window created a new, self-contained window without merging
		if (mergeResults.isEmpty() || (resultWindow.equals(newWindow) && !mergedNewWindow)) {
			this.mapping.put(resultWindow, resultWindow);
		}
		return resultWindow;
	}

}

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public interface Evictor<T, W extends Window> extends Serializable {
	void evictBefore(Iterable<TimestampedValue<T>> elements, int size, W window, EvictorContext evictorContext);
	void evictAfter(Iterable<TimestampedValue<T>> elements, int size, W window, EvictorContext evictorContext);
}

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public class CountEvictor<W extends Window> implements Evictor<Object, W> {
	@Override
	public void evictBefore(Iterable<TimestampedValue<Object>> elements, int size, W window, EvictorContext ctx) {
		if (!doEvictAfter) {
			evict(elements, size, ctx);
		}
	}

	@Override
	public void evictAfter(Iterable<TimestampedValue<Object>> elements, int size, W window, EvictorContext ctx) {
		if (doEvictAfter) {
			evict(elements, size, ctx);
		}
	}

	private void evict(Iterable<TimestampedValue<Object>> elements, int size, EvictorContext ctx) {
		if (size <= maxCount) {
			return;
		} else {
			int evictedCount = 0;
			for (Iterator<TimestampedValue<Object>> iterator = elements.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();){
				iterator.next();
				evictedCount++;
				if (evictedCount > size - maxCount) {
					break;
				} else {
					//超出的部分都移除
					iterator.remove();
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

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class WindowedStream {
	public <ACC, V, R> SingleOutputStreamOperator<R> aggregate(
			AggregateFunction<T, ACC, V> aggregateFunction,
			ProcessWindowFunction<V, R, K, W> windowFunction,
			TypeInformation<ACC> accumulatorType,
			TypeInformation<V> aggregateResultType,
			TypeInformation<R> resultType) {
		
		if (evictor != null) {
			TypeSerializer<StreamRecord<T>> streamRecordSerializer =
					(TypeSerializer<StreamRecord<T>>) new StreamElementSerializer(input.getType().createSerializer(getExecutionEnvironment().getConfig()));
			//即便是使用了增量聚合函数，状态仍然是以 `ListState` 形式保存的
			ListStateDescriptor<StreamRecord<T>> stateDesc =
					new ListStateDescriptor<>("window-contents", streamRecordSerializer);
			//生成了 EvictingWindowOperator
			operator = new EvictingWindowOperator<>(windowAssigner,
					windowAssigner.getWindowSerializer(getExecutionEnvironment().getConfig()),
					keySel,
					input.getKeyType().createSerializer(getExecutionEnvironment().getConfig()),
					stateDesc,
					new InternalAggregateProcessWindowFunction<>(aggregateFunction, windowFunction),
					trigger,
					evictor,
					allowedLateness,
					lateDataOutputTag);

		} else {
			.......
		}
	}
}


public class WindowOperator<K, IN, ACC, OUT, W extends Window>
	extends AbstractUdfStreamOperator<OUT, InternalWindowFunction<ACC, OUT, K, W>>
	implements OneInputStreamOperator<IN, OUT>, Triggerable<K, W> {
	
	private void emitWindowContents(W window, Iterable<StreamRecord<IN>> contents, ListState<StreamRecord<IN>> windowState) throws Exception {
		timestampedCollector.setAbsoluteTimestamp(window.maxTimestamp());

		// Work around type system restrictions...
		FluentIterable<TimestampedValue<IN>> recordsWithTimestamp = FluentIterable
			.from(contents)
			.transform(new Function<StreamRecord<IN>, TimestampedValue<IN>>() {
				@Override
				public TimestampedValue<IN> apply(StreamRecord<IN> input) {
					return TimestampedValue.from(input);
				}
			});
		//调用 InternalWindowFunction 之前
		evictorContext.evictBefore(recordsWithTimestamp, Iterables.size(recordsWithTimestamp));
		FluentIterable<IN> projectedContents = recordsWithTimestamp
			.transform(new Function<TimestampedValue<IN>, IN>() {
				@Override
				public IN apply(TimestampedValue<IN> input) {
					return input.getValue();
				}
			});

		processContext.window = triggerContext.window;
		//调用 InternalWindowFunction 计算结果
		userFunction.process(triggerContext.key, triggerContext.window, processContext, projectedContents, timestampedCollector);
		//调用 InternalWindowFunction 之前
		evictorContext.evictAfter(recordsWithTimestamp, Iterables.size(recordsWithTimestamp));

		//work around to fix FLINK-4369, remove the evicted elements from the windowState.
		//this is inefficient, but there is no other way to remove elements from ListState, which is an AppendingState.
		windowState.clear();
		for (TimestampedValue<IN> record : recordsWithTimestamp) {
			windowState.add(record.getStreamRecord());
		}
	}
	
}

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public class AllWindowedStream<T, W extends Window> {
	public AllWindowedStream(DataStream<T> input,
			WindowAssigner<? super T, W> windowAssigner) {
		this.input = input.keyBy(new NullByteKeySelector<T>());
		this.windowAssigner = windowAssigner;
		this.trigger = windowAssigner.getDefaultTrigger(input.getExecutionEnvironment());
	}
}

public class NullByteKeySelector<T> implements KeySelector<T, Byte> {
	@Override
	public Byte getKey(T value) throws Exception {
		return 0;
	}
}